英美美語

＊閱讀全文請點擊此連結

http://articles.cnn.com/2012-05-31/us/us_new-york-sugar-drinks_1_sugary-drinks-sugar-sweetened-beverages-obesity-issue?_s=PM:US

＊新聞標題

New York City seeks to ban big sodas from restaurants, food carts

＊標題解說

‧ seek：企圖做某事（動詞）

seek to do something（這裡不要理解成「尋找」）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/seek

to try to do something

‧ ban: 禁止（動詞）

‧ soda : 汽水（名詞）sodas（複數型）

big sodas 大瓶裝汽水

‧ New York City : 在此應該理解成「紐約市政府」，

是第三人稱單數，所以動詞 seek 要加 ‘s’

＊內文解析

■ 紐約市官員正建議禁止餐館和小吃推車出售大瓶裝汽水和其他含糖飲料。

New York City officials are proposing banning the sale of large-size sodas and other sugary beverages at restaurants and food carts.

‧ 簡化來看：

X are proposing Y.

X=New York City officials 紐約市府官員

Y=banning the sale of Z at restaurants and food carts.

禁止在餐廳和小吃推車販售 Z食品

Z 就是 large-size sodas and other sugary beverages

大瓶汽水和其他含糖飲料

‧ propose：提議（動詞）

‧ ban：禁止（動詞）banning（動名詞當作 propose 的受詞）

‧ food carts：小吃攤子推車 carts（複數型）

‧ sugary beverages：含糖飲料 beverages（複數型）

‧ sugary：含糖的（形容詞）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/sugary

containing sugar; tasting of sugar

■ 「一半（58％）的紐約市成年人超重或有害健康的過度肥胖」市長邁克‧布隆伯格週四推文說。「我們正針對這個採取行動」。

"More than half of NYC adults (58%) are overweight or obese," Mayor Michael Bloomberg tweeted Thursday. "We're doing something about it."

‧ NYC：New York City 簡寫

‧ adult：成人 adults （複數型）

‧ overweight： 過重（形容詞） too heavy and fat

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/overweight

‧ obese：過度肥胖有害健康（形容詞） very fat, in a way that is not healthy

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/obese

‧ tweet：推文（動詞）tweeted（過去式）

■ 這項禁令將禁止超過16盎司的飲料在餐館，食品推車和任何其他接受餐飲服務衛生評等的機構（如旅館）。這禁令並不適用於超市百貨店。

The ban would outlaw such drinks larger than 16 ounces at restaurants, food carts and any other establishments that receive letter grades for food service. It would not apply to grocery stores.

‧ 簡化來看：The ban would outlaw X at A,B,and C.

A= restaurants

B= food carts

C= any other establishments that receive letter grades for food service.

that 子句說明 establishments是有接收到餐飲服務衛生評分等級的

機構（如旅館）

‧ outlaw：使某事成為非法（動詞）

outlaw something to make something illegal

同義詞：ban

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/outlaw

‧ drink：飲料（名詞）drinks（複數型）

‧ establishment：大的機構（名詞）establishments（複數型）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/establishments#establishment

an organization, a large institution or a hotel

‧ letter grades：字母（LETTER）等級（grades）

letter grades for food service也就是衛生局檢查餐飲服務衛生水準的評

分用字母ABCD 表示等級,這裡可以看到紐約市衛生局的評分標準

http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/rii/restaurant-grading-faq.pdf

Letter Grading for Sanitary Inspections（衛生檢查）

What It Means for Restaurants and Consumers

‧ X does not apply to Y：X 不適用於 Y, 不相關（動詞片語）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/apply

（not used in the progressive tenses 不用在進行式）

to concern or relate to somebody/something

The proposal would not apply to grocery stores.

提案不適用於grocery stores

‧ grocery stores：超市百貨店等，（雜貨店）看英英解釋

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/grocery

a shop/store that sells food and other things used in the home.

In American English ‘ grocery store ’ is often used to mean ‘supermarket’.

■ 批評者－包括很可能成為該提案受害者的麥當勞和可口可樂兩家公司－快速抨擊這個提案是「不合宜」和「武斷」的。

Critics -- including McDonald's and Coca-Cola, which stand to be hurt by the proposal -- quickly assailed it as "misguided" and "arbitrary."

‧ 簡化來看：Critis quickly assailed it as "misguided" and "arbitrary."

破折號的內容說明批評者包括了兩家公司：

麥當勞和可口可樂, which 子句進一步說明這兩家公司有可能因此提案受害

‧ stand to be hurt by the proposal：有可能因此提案受害（動詞片語）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/stand

stand to do something: to be in a situation where you are likely to do something

You stand to make a lot from this deal.

‧ assail：抨擊（動詞）assailed（過去式）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/assail

to attack somebody/something violently, either physically or with words

‧ misguided：判斷錯誤的，不合宜的（形容詞） http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/misguided

wrong because you have understood or judged a situation badly

同義詞：inappropriate

‧ arbitrary：武斷不公（形容詞）

http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/arbitrary

not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes

seeming unfair

The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary.

＊字彙整理

這則新聞引來贊成與反對的聲浪，我們趁機學學談論禁令的相關用語:

‧ 禁止：ban（動詞）

‧ 汽水：soda（名詞）

‧ 大瓶汽水和其他含糖飲料：large-size sodas and other sugary beverages

‧ 小吃攤子推車：food carts

‧ 成人：adult（名詞）adults（複數型）

‧ 過重：overweight（形容詞）

‧ 過度肥胖有害健康：obese（形容詞）

‧ 使某事成為非法：outlaw（動詞）

‧ 飲料：drink（名詞）drinks（複數型）

‧ 大的機構：establishment（名詞）

‧ X 不適用於 Y，不相關：X does not apply to Y（動詞片語）

‧ 超市百貨店：grocery stores（複數型）

‧ 有可能因此提案受害：stand to be hurt by the proposal（動詞片語）

‧ 抨擊：assail：（動詞）assailed（過去式）

‧ 武斷不公的：arbitrary（形容詞）

‧ 判斷錯誤的，不合宜的：misguided（形容詞）