*閱讀全文請點擊此連結
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-15869378
*新聞標題
India to open market to global supermarket chains
印度將對全球超市連鎖企業開放市場
*標題解說
‧ India to open market:未來要做的事,用 to + 原形動詞,印度將開放市場
放 在標題,be 動詞可省略,(India is to open market),並且 ‘the’ 也可省略,所以全文應是 India is to open the market to global supermarket chains, 對 global supermarket chains開放市場
‧ global:全球的(形容詞)
‧ supermarket:超市(名詞)
‧ chain:連鎖店(名詞)chains(複數型)
*內文解析
█ 多年來在印度,外資直接投資於零售業的爭議一直不斷。
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in retail has been a contentious issue in India for years.
► 簡化來看:
X has been a contentious issue in India for years.
‧ Foreign Direct Investment:外國直接投資(固定用法)
‧ retail:零售(名詞,不可數名詞)
foreign direct investment(FDI)in retail:外國直接投資於零售業
retail market:零售市場
‧ wholesale:批發(與零售相對)不能直接賣給消費者
‧ contentious: 引起爭議的(形容詞)
a contentious issue:頗有爭議的議題
█ 終於現在印度已經同意這個等待已久的提案,打開零售市場給全球超市連鎖公司。
India has approved long-awaited proposals to open up the retail market to global supermarket chains.
‧ approve:同意(動詞)
‧ proposal:提案(名詞)proposals(複數型)
‧ long-awaited:等待已久(形容詞)
█ 跨國企業長久以來就覬覦有利可圖的印度市場
The multi-nationals have long been eyeing the lucrative Indian market.
‧ multi-national 或 multinational:跨國公司 a company that operates in several different countries, especially a large and powerful company
The country's industry is largely controlled by the multinationals.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/multinational_2#multinational_2
multinationals(複數型)在此指 global supermarket chains 全球超市連鎖公司
‧ have long been eyeing:現在完成進行式,一直在做的事
eyeing:現在分詞
eye當動詞用:表示注視,關注
‧ lucrative:可賺大錢的(形容詞)
lucrative market:獲利很好的市場
█ 但這仍是一項政治上非常敏感的分歧的議題
But this is a politically sensitive and divisive issue.
‧ politically:政治上地(副詞)
‧ sensitive:敏感的(形容詞)
‧ divisive:分歧的(形容詞)
‧ issue:議題(名詞)
█ 反對黨和傳統的在地業者很可能會試圖阻止外資直接投資的零售行動被執行。
Opposition parties and traditional local businesses are likely to try and block FDI in retail from being implemented.
‧ opposition parties:反對黨(固定用法)
party (單數) parties (複數)
‧ local businesses:地方性的公司,業者(複數型)
businesses 在此可以理解成公司、店家,而不是”生意”
‧ block X from being done:阻擋 X (被)實施(動詞)
‧ implement:執行(動詞)being implemented(被執行)
block FDI in retail from being implemented: 阻止外資直接投資的零售行動被執行
★ local businesses 在地業者,相對於 global supermarket chains 全球性的超市連鎖企業
兩者之間的利益衝突普遍存在
BBC另一篇報導 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-15885004
印度議會議員對於零售市場的變革計畫一片嘩然
*新聞標題
India MPs in uproar over retail reform plans
*標題解說
‧ MPs:MP 的複數型,Member of Parliament( 議會議員)
‧ uproar:嘩然,爭吵(名詞—只用單數,不可數)
in uproar (片語) 對某事感到憤怒
retail reform plans:零售改革計畫
‧ over:在此當介係詞,因為 over 後接名詞
over retail reform plans,應該理解為:關於,或由於
because of or concerning something; about something
an argument over money
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/over_2
*內文解析
█ 針對內閣開放零售市場給全球超市連鎖企業的決定,印度議會一片嘩然。
There has been uproar in India's parliament over the cabinet's decision to open up the retail market to global supermarket chains.
► 簡化來看:
There has been uproar in 某地 over a decision to do X.
‧ There has been:現在完成式(已經發生並且仍然存在)
‧ cabinet:內閣(名詞)也就是政府
cabinet’s decision:政府的決定
█ 該措施的支持者說,這將提高競爭力和品質,同時可以降低價格,目前價格波動已接近兩位數的通貨膨脹 。
Supporters of the move say it will increase competition and quality while reducing prices, which have been hit by close to double-digit inflation.
‧ which 指 prices 價格
‧ Prices have been hit by X:價格遭受到 X 的不良影響
‧ hit:有不少意義,查字典的時候,要注意上下文,找到合適的意思,這裡應指:有不良的影響(動詞)
[transitive, intransitive] hit(somebody/something) to have a bad effect on somebody/something
The tax increases will certainly hit the poor.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/hit
‧ move: 措施(名詞)在此 the move 不能理解成 動詞「移動」,在 the 後面,the move 要想成是名詞
‧ supporters of the move:該措施的支持者
‧ inflation: 通貨膨脹
‧ double-digit: 兩位數( 形容詞)
double-figure:英式講法,也就是 10 以上double-digit inflation:兩位數的通膨
close to double-digit:接近兩位數(還未到兩位數)
█ 反對者說,跨國公司會排擠掉印度的較小和財力較弱的貿易商並壓低支付給印度農民的價格。
Opponents say the multi-nationals will squeeze out India's smaller and poorer traders and drive down prices paid to India's farmers.
‧ prices (that were)paid to India’s farmers..(that were省略)價格是指付給農民的價格
‧ opponent: 反對者(名詞) opponents(複數型)
‧ squeeze out: 排擠,讓人無法繼續經營(動詞片語)
squeeze out India’s smaller and poor traders 排擠印度較小,財力較弱的貿易商,使其無法繼續經營
‧ drive down prices: 壓低價格(動詞片語)
*字彙整理
這則新聞,談到印度的國內零售業者和跨國企業的衝突,我們不難理解,因為這個現象不只在印度發生,這也常常是英檢考試中可能出現的議題,好好記住一些常見的用語:
‧ 零售:retail(名詞)
‧ 全球超市連鎖企業:global supermarket chains(複數型)
‧ 跨國公司:multi-national 或 multinational(名詞)
‧ 在地公司業者:local businesses(複數型)
‧ 外資直接投資的零售:FDI in retail (片語)
Foreign Direct Investment in retail
‧ 執行:implement(動詞)
‧ 可賺大錢的:lucrative(形容詞)
lucrative market:獲利很好的市場
‧ 阻擋:block(動詞)
阻止外資直接投資的零售行動被執行:block FDI in retail from being implemented
‧ 支持者:supporters(名詞-複數型)
‧ 反對者:opponents(名詞-複數型)
‧ 措施:move (名詞)
supporters of the move:該措施的支持者
‧ 壓低價格:drive down prices(動詞片語)
‧ 通貨膨脹:inflation(名詞)
‧ 嘩然,反對聲浪:be in(an)uproar(片語)