＊閱讀全文請點擊此連結
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17958520
＊新聞標題
Italian university switches to English
＊標題解說
‧ switch：從一端轉換到另一端（動詞）
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/switch_2
to change or make something change from one thing to another
switch （over）（from something）（to something） We're in the process
of switching over to a new system of invoicing.
‧ 標題的主詞是單數，（The）Italian University
（看内文知道是指 米蘭理工大學）switches（動詞加 ’es’）to English
＊內文解析
■ 歐洲典型文化櫥窗之一的米蘭充滿了意大利意象的圖標。從斯卡拉的歌劇到聖西羅球場的足球，從時裝週走秀舞臺到高聳的大教堂建築。
From opera at La Scala to football at the San Siro stadium, from the catwalks of fashion week to the soaring architecture of the cathedral, Milan is crowded with Italian icons.
‧ 簡化來看：
From A to B, from C to D, Milan is crowded with Italian icons.
不必擔心意大利的地名不熟悉，看到結構就知道意思，
A=opera at X（在 X 的歌劇）
B=football at Y（在 Y 的足球）
‧ catwalk：服裝秀伸展台（名詞）http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/catwalk
（North American English also runway） the long stage that models walk on
during a fashion show
‧ soaring：very high or tall（形容詞）
soar（動詞）soaring（現在分詞當形容詞）
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/soaring#soar
‧ cathedral：大教堂（名詞）
‧ icon：圖標（名詞）
‧ crowd：在此當動詞，擠滿（動詞）
Milan is crowded with Italian icons.
米蘭擠滿了意大利意象圖標
■ 這使得以下的消息更是個文化上的大地震， 意大利主要領導大學之一 -米蘭理工大學 – 將要改用英語。
Which makes it even more of a cultural earthquake that one of Italy's leading universities - the Politecnico di Milano - is going to switch to the English language.
‧ 簡化來看：
A makes B more of a cultural earthquake.
A= Which 指上一段提到米蘭充滿意大利圖標之事
B= that one of Italy's leading universities - the Politecnico di Milano
- is going to switch to the English language.
意大利主要領導大學之一 -米蘭理工大學 – 將要改用英語。
A 讓 B 一事更顯得是文化地震
■ 這所大學已經宣布，從2014年開始大部分學位課程 - 包括其所有的研究所課程 – 將完全用英語授課並評估而不用意大利語。
The university has announced that from 2014 most of its degree courses - including all its graduate courses - will be taught and assessed entirely in English rather than Italian.
‧ 簡化來看：
The university has announced that from 2014 X will be taught and
assessed entirely in English rather than Italian.
X=most of its degree courses
大部分的學位課程 – including its graduate courses 包括研究所課程
‧ degree courses：學位課程（複數型）
‧ graduate courses：graduate school 研究所，
graduate courses 研究所課程（複數型）
‧ assess：評估（動詞）
Degree courses will be assessed in English
學位課程將以英語進行評估，也就是考試報告都用英語
‧ A rather than B：用 A 而不用 B（片語）
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/rather+than#rather_1
instead of somebody/something
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?
■ 這所大學的校長，Giovanni Azzone 說「我們堅信我們的班級應該是國際班級 – 而要有國際班級的唯一方法就是使用英語。」
"We strongly believe our classes should be international classes - and the only way to have international classes is to use the English language," says the university's rector, Giovanni Azzone.
‧ rector：校長 （in Britain） http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/rector
the head of certain universities, colleges or schools
■ 在米蘭的這所大學改用英語其實是更廣泛的形態中一個驚人的案例。
The switch to English in this Milanese university is a dramatic example of a wider pattern.
‧ 簡化來看：
X is a dramatic example of a wider pattern.
X= the switch to English in this university
‧ Milanese：米蘭的（形容詞）
switch 在 the 之後，在此應該推想是名詞，更改（名詞）
‧ dramatic：不只是喜劇的，突然巨大的變化令人驚訝（形容詞）http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/dramatic
（of a change, an event, etc.）sudden, very great and often surprising
a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement
‧ A wider pattern：更廣泛的形態
■ 在斯堪的納維亞半島，歐洲北部和中部，有越來越多的學位課程以英語授課。
There are a growing number of degree courses taught in English in Scandinavia, northern and central Europe.
‧ 簡化來看：
There are a growing number of degree courses（that are省略）
taught in English in these places（A,B and C）
a number of = 一些 A number of （= some）problems have arisen. http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/number
a growing number of = 數量增加，越來越多（片語）
■ 波士頓學院國際高等教育教育中心主任Philip Altbach說：「毫無疑問，英語正在全世界迅速擴大作為授課語言。」
"There is no question but that English is rapidly expanding as a language of instruction worldwide," says Philip Altbach, director of the Center for International Higher Education at Boston College.
‧ There is no question（but）that English is rapidly expanding as a
language of instruction worldwide
‘but’ 是加強語氣，可以先不看
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/but
used before repeating a word in order to emphasize it
Nothing, but nothing would make him change his mind.
‧ language of instruction：授課用的語言，也就是學習不同學科
（如物理化學）所用的語言
‧ rapidly：快速地（副詞）
‧ expand：擴展（動詞）
■ 唸能源工程碩士學的Anna Realini說她在一家意大利公司實習的時候她必須用英語寫電子郵件 - 如果她使用意大利文就遭到批評。
Anna Realini, studying for a master’s degree in energy engineering, says she has to use English when writing emails in her internship with an Italian company - and is criticised if she uses Italian.
‧ 簡化來看：
Anna Realini says she has to use English when writing e-mails in her
internship with an Italian company and（she）is criticized if she uses Italian.
逗點隔開的内容，分詞studying for, 說明她在唸能源工程碩士學位
criticise （英國拼法） – criticize （美國拼法）
‧ internship：實習期閒（名詞）http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/internship
a period of time during which a student or new graduate gets practical
experience in a job, for example during the summer holiday/vacation
an internship at a television station
＊字彙整理
意大利米蘭理工大學改用英文授課的消息，讓我們學習到談論學位和授課語言的英文用語：
授課語言：language of instruction
學位課程：degree courses（複數型）
研究所課程：graduate courses（複數型）
碩士學位：a master’s degree
實習期間：internship
改用英文：switch to English
驚人的案例：a dramatic example
文化地震：cultural earthquake
數量增加，越來越多：a growing number of（片語）
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