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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-18646423
＊新聞標題
End of empire for Western universities?
＊標題解說
‧ empire：帝國（名詞）
a group of countries or states that are controlled by one ruler or government
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/empire
＊內文解析
■ 在目前這個十年結束之前，世界的年輕畢業生，每10個中將有4個來自這兩個國家－中國和印度。
By the end of this decade, four out of every 10 of the world's young graduates are going to come from just two countries - China and India.
‧ by + 時間：在時間之前，not later than the time mentioned; before
Can you finish the work by five o'clock?
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/by
‧ decade：十年的期間（名詞）
a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910–1919 or 2000–2009
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/decade
‧ by the end of this decade：這個十年結束之前
‧ graduate：大學畢業生（名詞）a person who has a university degree
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/graduate
■ 經濟合作與發展組織（經合組織OECD）的預測顯示了大學畢業人數平衡上的轉變將影響深遠，以崛起的亞洲經濟體加速領先美國和西歐。
The projection from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD） shows a far-reaching shift in the balance of graduate numbers, with the rising Asian economies accelerating ahead of the United States and western Europe.
‧ 簡化來看：
X shows a far-reaching shift in Y, with Z accelerating ahead of A and B.
X=the projection from an organization （OECD 的預測）
Y=the balance of graduate numbers 畢業人數的平衡
Z=the rising Asian economies 崛起的亞洲經濟體國家
A=the United States （美國）
B=western Europe （西歐）
‧ far-reaching shift：多方影響的變化
‧ balance：平衡（名詞）
‧ economy：一個國家可以是一個國家經濟体（可數名詞）
a country, when you are thinking about its economic system
Ireland was one of the fastest-growing economies in Western Europe in the 1990s.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/economy
‧ graduate numbers：大學畢業生人數
‧ accelerate：加速（動詞）
■ 高等教育已成為經濟表現的一面鏡子和放大鏡──二次世界大戰後的時代，佔領主導地位的大學都在美國，西歐，日本和俄羅斯。
Higher education has become the mirror and magnifier of economic performance - and in the post-World-War-II era, universities in the US, western Europe, Japan and Russia have dominated.
‧ 簡化來看：
X has become the mirror and magnifier of Y—and in the Z era,
Universities in A, B, C and D have dominated.
X=Higher education（高等教育）
Y=economic performance（經濟表現）
Z= post-World-War-II 二次戰後
‧ dominate：主導（動詞）
■ 特別是──就財富，影響力，和直到最近，純粹在數量上來説，美國一直是大學的超級強權。
The US in particular has been the university superpower - in wealth, influence and until recently in raw numbers.
‧ in particular：特別點出來說（副詞片語）especially, particularly（同義詞）
‧ raw numbers：未經加工整理的數字
■ 直到2000年，美國有的年輕大學畢業生的數量仍然類似中國。而日本年輕大學畢業生的比例則和印度相當。
Up until 2000, the US still had a share of young graduates similar to China. And Japan had as big a proportion of young graduates as India.
‧ share：該有的分量（名詞）
‧ proportion：比例（名詞）
■ 現在，中國和印度是最大的玩家。
Now China and India are the biggest players.
■ 經合組織指出，到2020年之前，中國的年輕大學畢業生的人口將和美國25到64歲之間的總人口相同。
The OECD notes that by 2020, China's young graduate population will be about the same as the total US population between the ages of 25 and 64.
‧ graduate：專指大學畢業生
■ 他們大學畢業人數的上升反映了他們變化中的野心 –想和先進經濟體國家競爭獲得高技能，高收入的就業機會。
Their rise in graduate numbers reflects their changing ambitions - wanting to compete against advanced economies for high-skill, high-income employment.
‧ compete against X for Y：和X 競爭，爲了獲得 Y（動詞片語）
to try to be more successful or better than somebody else who is trying
to do the same as you
compete (with/against somebody) (for something)
Several companies are competing for the contract.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/compete
■ 不再提供低成本的生產過程， 他們的目標鎖定在高科技專業工作，這已經成爲專門保留給西化的中產階級的職位。
Instead of offering low-cost manufacture, they are targeting the hi-tech professional jobs that have become the preserve of the Westernised middle classes.
‧ 簡化來看：Instead of offering X, they are targeting Y
X= low-cost manufacture
Y=the hi-tech professional jobs
（that 子句說明這些工作室保留給西化的中產階級）
‧ preserve：保留物（名詞）
[singular] preserve (of somebody) an activity, a job, an interest, etc.
that is thought to be suitable for one particular person or group of people
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/preserve_2
＊字彙整理
這則新聞讓我們看到Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）的預測（projection）,我們趁機認識談論高等教育和國家經濟体發展的用語：
‧ 國家經濟体：economy（名詞）
‧ 高等教育：higher education（名詞）
‧ 大學畢業生：graduate（名詞）
‧ 高科技專業工作：hi-tech professional jobs（複數型）
‧ 低成本生產：low-cost manufacture（名詞）
‧ 加速：accelerate（動詞）
‧ 多方影響的變化：far-reaching shift
‧ 平衡：balance（名詞）
‧ 中產階級：middle class（名詞）
‧ 主導：dominate（動詞）
‧ 和X 競爭，爲了獲得 Y：compete against X for Y（動詞片語）
‧ 高技能，高收入：high-skill, high-income
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