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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-19264245
＊新聞標題
Australia cigarette plain packaging law upheld by court
＊標題解說
‧ plain：簡單不花俏的（形容詞）
not decorated or complicated; simple
a plain but elegant dress
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/plain
‧ packaging：包裝材料（名詞-不可數）
materials used to wrap or protect goods that are sold in shops/stores
Attractive packaging can help to sell products.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/packaging
‧ plain packaging：簡單包裝（名詞）
‧ uphold：支持原來的主張（動詞）
uphold something (especially of a court of law)to agree that a previous
decision was correct or that a request is reasonable
to uphold a conviction/an appeal/a complaint
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/uphold
‧ 這裡 upheld 是過去分詞：the law is upheld by court 法令被法院支持
＊內文解析
■ 澳大利亞最高法院已經再度堅持政府的新強制性香煙包裝法令：移除各種品牌包裝的顏色和標誌。
Australia's highest court has upheld a new government law on mandatory packaging for cigarettes that removes brand colours and logos from packaging.
‧ 簡化來看：
X has upheld a new government law on Y
X 堅持政府有關Y的新法令
that 子句說明政府新法令的内容是香煙包裝（packaging）要
移除（removes)品牌顔色（brand colours）和標誌(logos)
X=Australia’s highest court 澳大利亞最高法院
Y= mandatory packaging for cigarettes 強制性香煙包裝
‧ mandatory：依法規定的（形容詞）
‧ required by law同義詞： compulsory
The offence carries a mandatory life sentence.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/mandatory
‧ remove：消除（動詞）
‧ brand colours and logos：品牌顔色和標誌
英式拼法 colours，美式拼法 color
■ 法律規定將來香煙一律以橄欖綠色包裝出售，且包裝上具有清楚寫實的圖像，警告吸煙的後果。
The law requires cigarettes to be sold in olive green packets, with graphic images warning of the consequences of smoking.
‧ 簡化來看：The law requires cigarettes to be sold in olive green packets,
with graphic images.
warning of X. 是分詞構句說明圖像在警告X
X=the consequences of smoking 吸煙的後果
‧ sold in olive green packets：以橄欖綠色包裝出售
‧ packet：包，盒裝（名詞）同 pack (美式用法)
‧ graphic：清楚寫實－多是不雅的（形容詞）
注意查字典的時候往下找的適合的意思
very clear and full of details, especially about something unpleasant
同義詞：vivid
a graphic account/description of a battle
‧ image：圖像或影像（名詞）
a picture of somebody/something seen in a mirror, through a camera, or on a television or computer
He stared at his own image reflected in the water.
Slowly, an image began to appear on the screen.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/image
‧ warning somebody of something：警告某人某事（動詞片語）
warn (somebody) of something Police have warned of possible delays.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/warn
■ 全球主要的煙草製造商，包括英美烟草公司（British American Tobacco）飛利浦莫利斯Philip Morris 早先已經表示不接受該法令
Leading global tobacco manufacturers, including British American Tobacco and Philip Morris, had challenged the law.
‧ had challenged：過去完成式，表示早先已經不同意接受該法令
‧ challenge：提出異議，不接受（動詞）
challenge something to question whether a statement or an action is right,
legal, etc; to refuse to accept something
同義詞：dispute
The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/challenge_2
■ 新包裝的規定將訂於2012年12月1日開始實施。
The new packaging rules are scheduled to be implemented from 1 December 2012.
‧ implement：實行，執行（動詞）
■ 政府去年通過該法律。
The law was passed by the government last year.
當局說，簡單的香煙包裝將有助於減少該國吸煙人口。
Authorities have said that plain packaging of cigarettes will help reduce the number of smokers in the country.
‧ reduce the number of smokers：減少吸煙人口
■ 然而，煙草製造商爭辯說到，從包裝中移除自己的品牌名稱和公司標識顏色會導致利潤大幅削減。
However, tobacco manufacturers have argued that removing their brand names and company colours from packets will lead to a drastic cut in profits.
‧ 簡化來看：However，tobacco manufacturers have argued that X will
lead to a drastic cut in profits.
X= removing their brand names and company colours from packets
包裝上拿掉品牌名稱和公司標誌顔色
‧ X will lead to Y：X 會導致 Y 結果
‧ a drastic cut in profits：利潤大幅削減
■ 他們還警告說，它可能會導致假冒偽劣品進入市場
They have also warned that it may result in fake products entering the market.
‧ it指前面說的removing their brand names and company colours from packets
X may result in Y= X 可能導致 Y
‧ fake products：假冒品（名詞，複數型）
fake products (that are 省略)entering the market
‧ entering the market：進入市場
■ 澳大利亞新的強硬包裝法律，將是世界上首次要執行的那種。
Australia's new tough packaging laws are the first of their kind to be implemented in the world.
‧ 簡化來看：The new laws are the first to be implemented in the world.
‧ tough：嚴格強硬（形容詞）
‧ the first of their kind：their kind指 packaging laws（複數）那種法令
＊字彙整理
拿香煙包裝開刀，可以解決問題嗎？讀這則新聞，我們可以學到新法令實施會碰到的問題：
‧ 簡單包裝：plain packaging （名詞）
‧ 支持原來的主張：uphold（動詞）The law is upheld by court.
‧ 依法規定的，強制性的：mandatory（形容詞）
‧ 品牌顔色和標誌：brand colours and logos（片語）
‧ 清楚寫實-多是不雅的：graphic（形容詞）graphic image
‧ 利潤大幅削減：a drastic cut in profits（片語）
‧ 實施，執行：implement（動詞）
‧ 提出異議，不接受：challenge（動詞）challenge the law
‧ 減少吸煙人口：reduce the number of smokers(動詞片語)
‧ 假冒品：fake products （名詞，複數型）
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