＊新聞標題
Selling little girls to pay back debt
＊閱讀全文請點擊此連結
http://amanpour.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/25/selling-little-girls-to-payback-debt/?hpt=hp_c1
＊標題解說
debt: 負債（名詞）
the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/debt
標題省略 the: Selling little girls to pay back the debt
＊內文解析
■ 阿富汗小女孩的母親甚至無法轉身面對她的女兒。當她解釋為什麼必須把女孩交到毒梟的手裡時，她看起來羞愧難過 。
The mother of a little Afghan girl cannot even turn to face her daughter. She looks down in shame as she explains why she must hand the girl over to drug lords.
down: 難過傷心的（形容詞）
sad or depressed (注意：down 有多種詞性，副詞、名詞、動詞、介系詞及形容詞，要找到切合上下文的詞性)
I feel a bit down today.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/down_4
shame: 羞愧（名詞）
the feelings of sadness, embarrassment and guilt that you have when you know that something you have done is wrong or stupid
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/shame
She looks down in shame. 她看來羞愧難過
drug lord: 毒梟，販毒集團的老大（名詞）drug lords（複數型）
a powerful leader of a group of people who buy and sell large quantities of illegal drugs
http://oaadonline.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/drug-lord
■ 為了資助他們的鴉片農場，該女孩的父親已經做了許多阿富汗農民必須做的：也就是，向毒販借錢。
The father of the girl has done what many Afghan farmers must do to finance their opium farms: borrow money from drug traffickers.
簡化來看：The father of the girl has borrowed money from drug traffickers to finance their opium farms.
X has done Y to finance their opium farms.
X＝The father of the girl
Y＝what many Afghan farmers must do ： borrow money from drug traffickers
traffic: 非法買賣（動詞）
to buy and sell something illegally
to traffic in drugs 買賣毒品
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/traffic_2
trafficker: 非法買賣者（名詞）traffickers（複數型）
a person who buys and sells something that is illegal
http://www.learnersdictionary.com/search/trafficker
drug trafficker: 毒販（名詞）drug traffickers（複數型）
■ 但阿富汗政府和國際軍隊停止鴉片貿易的努力已斷絕了父親的罌粟生意，連帶的，他償還債主的能力。
But the Afghan government and international forces’ attempt to halt the opium trade has quashed the father’s poppy business, and with it, his ability to pay back the lenders.
簡化來看：
X has quashed Y and Z.
X=the Afghan government and international forces’ attempt to halt the opium trade
Y= the father’s poppy business
Z= his ability to pay back the lenders
opium trade: 鴉片貿易（名詞）
poppy: 一種生產鴉片的植物：罌粟（名詞）
quash: 壓制，阻斷（動詞）
quash something to take action to stop something from continuing
同義詞：suppress
The rumours were quickly quashed.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/quash
■ 為了取得付款，毒梟抓他當人質。
The drug lords have taken him hostage to extract a payment.
extract: 榨取（動詞）
extract something (from somebody/something) to obtain information, money, etc, often by taking it from somebody who is unwilling to give it
Journalists managed to extract all kinds of information about her private life.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/extract_2
hostage: 人質（名詞）
a person who is captured and held prisoner by a person or group, and who may be injured or killed if people do not do what the person or group is asking
Three children were taken hostage during the bank robbery.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/hostage
take him hostage: 抓他當人質（動詞片語）
■ 「我必須交出我的女兒，換來釋放我的丈夫」，母親解釋，這個女孩就在她的身邊。她看起來年紀沒比6 歲大。
“I have to give my daughter to release my husband,” the mother explains with the girl at her side. She looks no older than six.
I have to give my daughter to release my husband, 這不是正確的英文用法，為反應村婦的用法，但是她的意思可以讓人聽懂。
正確的英文是：I have to give them my daughter so they can release my husband.
■ 90％的世界鴉片──也是海洛因的原料──來自阿富汗。那裡種植罌粟一直是利潤豐厚的行業。
Ninety percent of the world's opium -- the raw source of heroin -- comes from Afghanistan. Growing poppy there has been a lucrative industry.
lucrative: 獲利豐厚的（形容詞）producing a large amount of money; making a large profit
a lucrative business/contract/market
Had the plan worked it would have proved highly lucrative.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/lucrative
■ 阿富汗政府一直在嚴加管制和摧毀非法作物，讓許多農民陷入如同那個家庭一樣的可怕情況被迫以自己的女兒作為貸款的抵押品。
The Afghan government has been cracking down and destroying illegal crops, leaving many farmers in the same horrifying situation as the family forced to use their own daughter as collateral for the loan.
分詞片語說明阿富汗政府的做法讓許多農民被迫以女兒當作貸款的抵押品。
leaving many farmers (who were 省略)forced to use their own daughters as collateral for the loan.
leave: 讓某人／某物留在某種狀態（動詞）
to make or allow somebody/something to remain in a particular condition, place, etc leave somebody/something (+ adjective)
Leave the door open, please.
The bomb blast left 25 people dead.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/leave
leave many farmers forced（形容詞）
to use their daughters as collateral for the loan
許多農民被迫以女兒當作貸款的抵押品
crack down: 嚴加管制（動詞片語）
to try harder to prevent an illegal activity and deal more severely with those who are caught doing it
Police are cracking down on drug dealers.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/crack+down#crack_1__37
illegal crops: 非法作物（名詞，複數型）
crop: 作物（名詞）
a plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food
Sugar is an important crop on the island.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/crops#crop_1
collateral: 擔保品（名詞）
property or something valuable that you promise to give to somebody if you cannot pay back money that you borrow
We had put our house up as collateral for our bank loan.
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/collateral
＊字彙整理
阿富汗的鴉片被打壓，遭殃的是小女孩，CNN的報導，讓我們學到談論鴉片販毒與人質的用語：
鴉片：opium（名詞）opium trade 鴉片貿易
罌粟：poppy（名詞）一種生產鴉片的植物
非法作物：illegal crops（名詞－複數型）
毒梟，販毒集團的老大：drug lord（名詞）drug lords（複數型）
毒販：drug trafficker（名詞）drug traffickers（複數型）
人質：hostage（名詞）
抓他當人質：take him hostage（動詞片語）
擔保品：collateral（名詞）use one’s daughter as collateral for the loan
嚴加管制：crack down（動詞片語）
獲利豐厚的：lucrative（形容詞）
難過傷心的：down（形容詞）The mother was down in shame.
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